Casting Time. Each spell has a casting time, which specifies whether the caster must use an action, a bonus action, a reaction, minutes, or even hours to cast the spell. These various types of actions are not interchangeable. Certain spells also have the option to be cast as a ritual.

Other Requirements. To cast a spell:

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• ​It must be firmly fixed in your mind or otherwise accessible to you.

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• You must have a spell slot available, if you use spell slots and its expenditure is required. See the special rule for cantrips.

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• You must use any required spell components.

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• The target must be:

  • within range or within an area of effect.

  • located in a clear path from you.

Attack Roll. Some spells require an attack roll by the caster, and some a saving throw by the target. In both situations your spellcasting ability modifier is used.