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Calculating Damage
Each weapon, spell, and harmful monster ability specifies the damage it deals. (96)
1. Roll the appropriate damage die or dice. The damage will be a certain type.
2. For a melee or ranged weapon attack, add the appropriate ability modifier.
3. Add damage due to any magical properties of the weapon or item.
Round down on the damage total, even if the fraction is one-half or greater. (PHB 7)
Damage is subtracted from the target's hit points. This has no effect on its capabilities until it drops to 0 hit points. You can, if you wish, forgo killing a creature and instead knock it out.
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